Spinning-machine.



PATENTED NOV. 7, 1905.

M. CAMPBELL.

.SPINNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mum 11111224, 1901.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

r a m m M w W m M PATENTED NOV. 7, 1905.

M. CAMPBELL.

SPINNING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION rum) mm: 24, 1001.

NVEINTCI AL 7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

iTNBSSESI No. 803,551. PATENTED NOV. 7, 1905. 1 M. CAMPBELL.

SPINNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION Hum um: 24, 1901.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

\A/rrrlessssz IH Jeri-m3: ii QM M Q w. W Q Nib...

No. 803,551. PATENTED NOV. '7, 1905.

M. CAMPBELL.

SPINNING MACHINE. APPLICATION rmm JUNE 24, 1901.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 803,551. PATENTED NOV. 7, 1905. M. CAMPBELL.

I SPINNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1901.

' '1 bums-sum 5.

IMMEIP W I No. 803,551. PATENTED NOV. '7, 1905. M. CAMPBELL.

SPINNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1901.

"l SHEETS-SHEET 7.

sssss: v \/E: TQF

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

SPINNING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. '7, 1905.

Application filed June 24,1901. Serial No. 65,818.

To a whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MALCOLM CAMPBELL, of Boston, in the county ofSuifolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Spinning-Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention has relation to spinning-machines, having for its objectto provide certain improvements therein whereby the efliciency of suchmachines may be enhanced and the quality and production of the yarnincreased.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodimentof the invention, Figure 1 represents a front elevation with the middleportion broken away of a machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2represents a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 represents a gearing in endelevation, beinga section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1 looking in thedirection of the arrow. Fig. 4 represents a section on line 4 4 ofFig. 1. Fig. 5 repre sents a section on line 5 5 of Fig. 1 looking inthe direction of the arrow. Fig. 6 represents an end elevation of themachine looking from the left in Fig. 1. Fig. 7 represents inperspective view the spindle -rails and the means for supporting andmoving them. Figs.

8 and 9 representin detail the automatic clutchoperating mechanism. Fig.10 shows in detail the lower drawing-roll.

The machine is provided with delivery-rolls to which the roving, isdelivered from a beam resting upon a drum. Each roving passes from thedelivery-rolls, which are rotated intermittingly, to twister-heads, bymeans of which it is elongated or drawn and twisted,'

passing thence to the drawing-rolls, from which it is delivered to thering-spinning mechanism. The twister-heads and the bobbin-spindles arerotated at a uniform constant speed, whereas the drawing-rolls may bedriven either at a constant speed or else with an intermittentlyaccelerated and retarded speed, the acceleration in speed of thedrawing-rolls taking place coincidently with the period of rotation ofthe delivery-rolls, so that the drawing action of the drawing-rolls ismore rapid during the let-off of the roving than at other times. 'Inthese respects the machine is somewhat similar in function to themachine illustrated and described in the patent to Edmund K. Baker, No.519,491, dated May 8, 1894.

General 00nstrzwtt'0n.*The machine is formed with the usual framework,including the end standards 21, connected by the rails 22 23 for thedelivery-rolls, the rails 24 25 for the twister-heads, the rails 26 27for supporting the lower drawing-rolls, and the frames 28 29 upon whichthe ring-rails 3O 31 are mounted. Projecting from one end of the machineis a frame comprising the outer standard 32, the side bars 33 34, andtie-rods 35 36. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) In the standards 20, 21, and 32 isjournaled the main drivingshaft 37, carrying the belt-pulley 38. Thesaid shaft has secured thereto a pinion 39, intermeshing with anddriving a large gear 40, loose on a shaft 141, from which power is canried to the lower drawing-rolls by means which I shall subsequentlydescribe.

1 mm (Zeh'oem'ng wwc/tmm'svm-The trunnions of the roving-beam projectinto slots 47 in uprights 48, supported upon rails 22 23, and the saidbeam rests loosely upon the drum 46, which is secured upon a shaft 49,projected beyond the side standards 20.21 and journaled in bearings 5051 on the tops of said standards. The drum rotates in unison with thedelivering-rolls 43 44, being geared thereto, as will be described. Thedeliveryrolls 43 43 are on two shafts 54 55, (see Fig. 2,) which aregeared together through the cross-shaft 56 and the bevel-gears 57 58 5960. The shaft 54, to which the power is supplied from the maindriving=shaft, is equipped at one end with a pinion 61, intermeshingwith a large gear 62, with which is compounded a smaller gear 63, inoperative engagement with a large gear 64 on the drum-shaft. The shaftfor the gears 62 63 is adjustably secured in a bracket 65, rising fromthe top of standard 20, and provision is made for the interchange oflarger or smaller gears to effect different speeds of the drum. Theshaft 54 is longitudinally extended to have its ends in a bearing 69 inthe standard 32, so that rotative movement may be imparted to it fromthe main driving-shaft 37. Mounted loosely upon said shaft 54 is apinion 70, which may be clutched thereto by mechanism to be described.This pinion interineshes with and is driven by change-gear 71 on astud-shaft 711, adjustably mounted in a bracket 72 on the top ofstandard 21. Aflixed to the gear 71 is a smaller gear 73, intermeshingwith and driven by a large gear 74, fast on a shaft 75, journaled instandards 21 32. This shaft 75 is in parallelism with and directly abovethe shaft 37, and it is driven from said shaft 37 by the following trainof gearing: The gear 39 on the shaft 37 drives the gear 40, which isloose on the ative position.

shaft 41. A gear 405 is fast with the gear 39 and drives a gear 761,fast on the shaft 76. The shaft 76 has upon it a pinion 760, intermeshing with and driving the said gear 74, so that the power istransmitted directly from the main power shaft to the gear and thence tothe delivery-rolls, as will be set forth. The top rolls 44 are looselymounted, as ordinarily, and may be removed by hand, bearing frictionallyagainst the lower rolls 43, so as to grip the yarn thereagainst.

Mechanism is provided to stop and start the rolls 43, so that thelet-off of the roving will be intermittent. To accomplish this, Iutilize the clutch 77 on the shaft 54. The said clutch is splined on theshaft and is provided with teeth adapted to coact with similar teethformed on the hub of the gear 70. The clutch is automatically operatedonce for each rotation of gear 74. This gear I term the pinwheel, as itis provided with a circular row of apertures 81 for the reception of apin 82. (See Figs. 8 and 9.) This pin 82 may be inserted in any one ofthe apertures 81 and is designed to effect the unclutching of the gear70 and the shaft 54. The wheel or gear 74 is also provided with aplurality of apertures 83, arranged inside of the row of apertures 81.As shown, there are four of said apertures 83; but they may be increasedor decreased in number, as desired. Said apertures are provided for thereception of a pin 84, carrying a roll 85, by which the engagement ofthe clutch with the gear 70 is effected. The clutch is provided with agroove 86, with which pins 87 on a bell-crank 88 are engaged. Saidbell-crank is bifurcated, as shown in Fig. 8, and its other arm 89 isconnected by a rod 90 with a lever 91,'fulcrumed on a bracket extendingout from the end standard, (not shown,)asindicatedinFig.6.Ahelicalspring 92 tends to draw the lever 91 into position to efiect thedisengagement of the clutch from the gear. Said lever is provided with acam projection 93, adapted to be engaged by the roll 84, to move saidlever against stress of the spring 92 and thrust the clutch into oper-To hold it there, I provide a latch 94, fulcrumed on a collar 96,secured to the bearing of the shaft 75, said latch having a notch toreceive the end of the cam projection 93. A spring 97 holds the latchupwardly in position to engage the cam projection. The end of the latchis in position to be engaged by the pin 82 as the wheel 74 rotates. Inthe operation of the device the wheel 74 rotates constantly, and eachtime the roll 84 engages the lever 91 it effects the clutching of thegear 70 and the shaft 54, so as to rotate the delivering-rolls and letoff the roving. As soon as the pin 82, however, engages the latch 94 thelever 91 is released, and the spring 92, drawing it backward, thruststhe clutch into inoperative position. Inasmuch as the delivering- 5rolls and the drum are geared together, their movement is in unison, andwhen one stops the other stops also.

Each twister-head is mounted in a separate standard, (indicated at 100,)and it consists of a tube 101, arranged substantially vertically or atan angle to the line connecting the delivering-rolls with thedrawing-rolls, so that the yarn takes the path shown in Fig.4. The upperend of each tube 101 is formed with a projection 102 to engage andrelease the yarn at each rotation thereof. The lower end of the spindleis formed with a suitable gripper to engage the roving and twist it.Each spindle or tube is provided with a whirl 103, and all of the whirlsare engaged by single continuous bands 104, which may be a cord, tape,rope, or belt. Preferably I employ a cord, which passes around idlers105 106, arranged on one side of the frame, and idlers 107 108, arrangedat the other side of the frame. The cord, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, isdriven from adriving wheel 109 on shaft 141, being passed aroundinclined idlers 110 111, arranged between the idlers 106 107. A take-uproll 112 is interposed between the idler 110 and the driving-wheel 109,and it is adjustably journaled on a bar 113, bolted to the back of oneof the twister-head rails. In order to cause the engagement of the band104 with the whirls and the twisters, I provide a plurality of idlers114, mounted in brackets 115, secured on the top of the twister-headrails 24 25, said idlers being disposed between each pair of whirls, soas to effect a proper engagement of a cord or driving-band 104therewith. The Wheel 109 is, as stated, mounted upon shaft 141, whichextends through the machine from end to end and has upon its outer end,as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, a gear 120, intermeshing with and driven by achange-gear 121, in turn rotated by a pinion 122 on the main power-shaft37. In order to vary the direction of rotation of the shaft 141, Iemploy an extra gear 123, which may be brought into engagement with thegears 120 and 121, in which event the lastnamed gear is adjusted in theslot in the bracket to which its shaft is secured. Fromthis descriptionit will be seen that the cord .or pin-driving sh aft receives its powerdirectly from the main driving-shaft 37, so that the twister-headsrotate at a constant uniform speed.

Drawing wolls and actuating mac/autism t/w raf0r.The drawing-rolls havea differential or constant movement at will, mechanism being providedfor imparting to such rolls either an accelerated rotation or a uniformrotation, as desired. The said drawing-rolls are in pairs and areindicated at 130 131. The said drawing-rolls 130 are journaled inbearings 132,su pported upon therails 26 and 27,and they are formed onlong shafts which extend from end to end of the machine, said shaftsbeing indicated at 133 134 and arranged on the two sides of the machine.The said shafts are connected together by a cross-shaft 135, journaledin bearings 136 137 and having on its ends bevel-gears 138 139,intermeshing with bevel-gears 140 141 onthe shaft 133 134, respectively.Of each pair of drawing-rolls one is freely movable relatively to theother. It consists of a plurality of loose sections, one for eachroving, as shown in Fig. 2, and it rests upon the roll 130 and upon aroll 142, which is journaled in bearings in the bracket 132 and isgeared to its corresponding or adjacent roll. At the ends of the shaftsopposite the ends upon which the bevel-gears are mounted the rolls 130142 are equipped with gears 143 144 and with a common intermeshing idler145, by means of which they, are caused to rotate in the same direction.The rolls 130 and 142 are placed so closely together that the sectionsof the rolls 131 lie between them and are supported thereby, as shown inFigs. 4 and 10, so as to grip the roving against the roll 130. Inasmuchas the two roll-shafts rotate in the same direction, the roll-sections131 will be caused to rotate in unison with them, so as to effect a firmgrip on the roving and draw it as it leaves the twister-head. In orderto permit piecing up, each rollsection of the rolls 131 may be displacedand laid temporarily in the space between the roll 142 and the rod 149,placed in front of it and having its ends supported in brackets 132.

The means for imparting the accelerated motion to the lowerdrawing-rolls is best shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 6. The shaft 135 isprovided with a bevel 150, with which is engaged a large drivingbevel-gear 151, having its shaft journaled in the bearing 152. (SeeFigs. 1 and 2.) It receives its power from a gear 153, intermeshing withan idler-gear 154, having its shaft secured to an adjustable bearing155, adapted to be adjusted in position and secured after adjustment bya screw 156, passed into the standard 32. The idler-gear 154 is drivenby a gear 156 on shaft 157, having its ends journaled in standards 21and 22. Fast upon said shaft is an elliptical gear 158, adapted tointermesh with and be driven by a complemental elliptical gear 159,splined on shaft 75. The shaft carries, however, a plain gear 160, whichmay be intermeshed with the gear 156, in which event the elliptical gear159 will he slid out of engagement with the elliptical gear 158. Bymeans of the gears 156 160 or the gears 158 159 the shaft 135, andconsequently the lower drawing-roll, may be driven at either a uniformconstant speed or else at an accelerated speed, according to which gear,159 or 160, is in engagement with its corresponding gear 158 or 156.When the accelerated gears are engaged so as to drive the lowerdrawing-rolls, they are so arranged that the period of acceleration ofthe drawing-roQls is coincident with the let ofi of the roving by thedelivering-rolls, as previously explained.

Spindle cmel Spindie-clanking mechanism. a The spindles, which are ofthe ordinary construction, are indicated at'170. They are stepped in thevertically-reciprocating spindle-rail 171 and are each provided with awhirl 172, so as to be rotated by a cord 173, passed around the cylinderor driving-drum 174, as ordinarily. The spindle-rails 171 are connectedby the cross-bars 175, which are secured to the lower end of links 176.There are a plurality of the latter and they depend from crank-arms 177178, projecting laterally outward from the rock-shafts 179 180,respectively. The latter are journaled in suitable bearings, and theyare provided with the angular jointed arms 181 181, to which the weights182 are attached to counterbalance the weight of the rails and thespindles. The shafts are connected together by the arms 183 183 and theconnecting-rod 184, so that they are caused to oscillate in unison. Theshaft 179 is provided with an arm 185, having at its end a segmentalextension 186. The segmental extension is connected to a chain 187, theother end of which is secured to an idler-drum'188, journaled in abracket 189, secured to the standard 20, and, by means which I shallsubsequently describe, the drum 188 is rotated or oscillated to take upor let out the chain 187 and cause the raising and lowering of thespindle-rails 171. The spin-. dles and the bobbins are adapted toreciprocate through apertures formed in the ringrails 31, the latterbeing equipped with the usual rings upon which are placed travelers. Theyarn passes from the lower drawing-rolls to the travelers and thence tothe bobbins, there being suitable yarn-guides or pig-tails 190 190, asordinarily, interposed between the rings and the drawing-rolls.

For rotating the drum 174 it is secured upon a shaft 240, having at oneend a gear 264, to which power is transmitted from the maindriving-shaft 37. (See Fig. 3.) The transmitting mechanism includes agear 266, fast on the shaft 37, and an idler-gear 267, whose stud-shaftis adjustably secured in an arm 268, pivoted upon the shaft 37. The saidarm is hinged to a rod 269, which is adjustabl y secured to a rocker270, pivoted upon the drum-shaft 240. These parts permit a movement ofthe shaft 240 toward and from the shaft 37 without disengaging the gear267 from either the gears 264 266, since said gear 267 is placed to oneside of a line connecting the axes of said shafts. To reverse therotation of the drum, I employ a changegear 271, the stud-shaft of whichis adjustably secured in a curved lateral extension of the arm 268.

Builder mechanism. The builder mechanism, by means of which thespindle-rails are Caused to reciprocate, includes contrivances by meansof which the spindle-driving cylinder or drum is raised and loweredcoinci- &

dently with the movement of the spindle-rail to cause the even anduniform rotation of the spindles and bobbins and also to prevent anincreased strain upon the spindle driving bands or cords.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that fulcrumed on the shaft200, journaled in the bracket 201, there is a lever 202, bearing on oneend of the counterweight 203. It is provided with an adjustable pin 204,carrying a roll which is caused by the weight 203 to bear against thecam 205 on a shaft 206. This shaft is provided with a large gear 207,intermeshing with a small pinion 208 on an idlershaft, there being onsaid shaft also a larger gear 209, intermeshing with a small pinion 210on a shaft 211 at the left end of the machine. (See Figs. 1 and 4.)Power is imparted to said shaft 211 from the drivingshaft 37 by means ofthe belt-pulleys 212 213 and the belt or cord 214. By means of thisreducing-gear the cam is caused to rotate relatively slowly (say fiftyor sixty turns per minute) and to cause the oscillation of the lever 202asimilar number of times per minute. Journaled on the end of lever 202is a drum 215, and between it and the drum 188 is a two-part chain 216.one end of which is secured to one drum and the other end of which issecured to the other drum. Consequently the drum 188 is caused tooscillate in accordance with the oscillations of lever 202 to cause thereciprocation of the sgindle-rails 171, and to thereby effect what isknown as a cop-build. The drum 215 is, however, formed with a worm-wheel217 inter-meshing with a worm 218 on a shaft 219, journaled in thelever, as shown in Fig. 3. This worm prevents the worm-wheel and thedrum from unwinding, but when rotated itself causes the rotation of thedrum 215 in one direction or the other, according to the lead of theworm-threads. On the extreme end of the shaft 219, which projects beyondthe end of the lever 202,

there is a ratchet-wheel 220 rigidly secured thereto. A weighted pawl223 is hung upon the end of a lever 224, fulcrumed upon the shaft 219,and is connected at its end to an upright rod 225. This rod is providedwith two adjustable nuts 226 227, above and below a lug 228, projectingout from the frame 28, and through which the rod 225 passes. Themovement of the rod relatively to the lug is limited by the nuts 226227. Thus it will be seen that each time the lever 202 is oscillated thesmall lever 224 will be likewise oscillated to cause the ratchet 223 toimpart a partial rotation to the ratchet 220. Consequently, al-

though the two-part chain 216 is moved up ism for adjusting or partiallymoving the spindlerdriving drum 174. This drum, as stated, is mountedupon the shaft 240, whose ends are journaled in boxes. 245, adapted toslide vertically in guides 246, secured to the standards 20 and 21. Thesaid boxes 245 are moved simultaneously up and down, being internallythreaded to receive upright screwrods 247, which are journaled in theguides 246 and are provided at their lower ends with bevels 248,intermeshing with bevel-gears 249 on a shaft 250, journaled in thestandards. On its end the shaft 250 is provided with a gear 251,intermeshing with and driven by a gear 252 (see Fig. 5) on the end ofshaft 200, previously referred to. This shaft 200 hasa bevel-gear 253inter-meshing with and driven by a bevel-gear 254 on the worm-shaft 219.Consequently when said shaft 219 is rotated to cause the gradual raisingand lowering of the spindle-rails the shaft 250 is also rotated slowlyto cause a gradual movement of the journal-bearings 235 for thespindle-driving drum or cylinder. In order to doif the filled bobbins,the spindle-rails are raised to a position directly under the ring-rail.To accomplish this, I provide mechanism for manually rotating the shaft250,by which the worm-shaft 219 is also rotated, and which, it will beremembered, is geared to the worm-gear 219.

I can, if desired, square the end of the shaft 250 or make it with awrench-retaining formation; but for convenience I equip-it with asprocket-wheel 260 and stretch between it and another sprocket 261 achain 262. The

sprocket 261 is on a stud-shaft 263, the latter I being formed at itsend to receive a wrench or other tool, by which it may be rotated.Consequently after throwing the pawl 223 to an inoperative position theshaft 263 can be rotated to move the spindle-rail to any desiredposition.

It will be understood that while I have seen fit to describe theconstruction of the machine in detail, yet I may greatly vary many ofthe parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,and various mechanical equivalents may be substituted for the severalmechanisms which for convenience I have selected.

So far as I am aware I am the first to have caused the spindle-drivingdrum to be raised and lowered by the builder mechanism irrespective ofthe particular means for accomplishing it. I believe this mechanism tobe a very desirable feature in a spinning-machine, for it effects auniform rotation of'the spindles and prevents a variation in the yarn. Ilikewise regard the elliptical gearing for effecting a differentialmovement of' the drawing-rolls as an advance in the art, for it permitsthe proper acceleration of the said rolls without permitting them toactually stop and provides for a direct drive from the power-shaft.

The machine possesses many other features in addition to those of whichspecial mention I-IO has been made which are desirable and beneficial;but they will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the artto which this invention relates, and I will not refer to them morespecifically than has already been done.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described a way ofconstructing and using the same, although without attempting to setforth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes ofits use, I declare What I claim is 1. A spinning-machine having a ring,a rotary spindle, builder mechanism, spindle-driving mechanism, andmeans supported independently of said builder mechanism and controlledby the latter, whereby the position of said spindle-driving mechanism isautomatically controlled.

2. A spinning-machine having a ring and a traveler, a rotary spindle, areciprocatory spindle-rail, means for reciprocating the same, aspindle-driving drum, and means independent of said former means foradjusting said drum simultaneously with said rail.

3. Aspinning-machine comprisinga plurality of spindles, a spindle-rail,builder mechanism for raising and lowering said rail, a spindle-drivingdrum, and means supported independently of said builder mechanism andcontrolled thereby, whereby the position of said spindle-driving drum isautomatically controlled.

1. A spinning-machine comprising a ring and traveler, a spindle, aspindle-rail, builder mechanism for raising and lowering said rail, aspindle-driving drum, and means independent of and actuated by saidbuilder mechanism for adjusting said drum.

5. Aspinning-machine having a reciprocat ing spindle-rail, means forraising and lowering the same, a spindle-driving drum, bearings thereforsupported independent of said railreciprocating means, and means forraising and lowering said bearings as said spindlerail is raised orlowered.

6. A spinning-machine having a reciprocating spindle-rail, aspindle-driving drum, bearings for said drum, and automatically-actuatedscrew mechanism for raising or lowering said bearings, and said drum, asthe spindlerail is raised or lowered.

7. A spinning-machine having a reciprocatory spindle-rail, buildermechanism for actuating said rail, said mechanism including a lever, aspindle-driving drum, and mechanism independent of said former mechanismand operated by said lever for raising and lowering said drum.

8. A spinning-machine having a spindledriving drum, a builder mechanism,including a worm-shaft, and means independent of said builder mechanismand operated by said worm-shaft for automatically raising and loweringsaid drum.

9. A spinning-machine comprising a spindle-rail, means for moving saidspindle-rail, a spindle-driving drum, means for adjusting the latter, abuilder mechanism independent of said drum-adjusting means and connectedwith said rail-moving means, and means for simultaneously actuating saidbuilder mechanism and said drum-adjusting means.

10. A spinning-machine comprising a spindle-rail, means for moving saidspindle-rail, a spindledriving drum, means for adjusting said drum, anda builder mechanism having provisions for simultaneously actuating saidspindle-rail-moving means and said drum-adjusting means, said mechanismincluding a shaft geared both to the spindle-rail-moving means, and tothe drum-adjusting means.

11. A spinning-machine comprising a spindle-rail, means for moving saidspindle-rail, a spindle-driving drum, means for adjusting said drum, anda builder mechanism having provisions for simultaneously actuating saidspindle-rail-moving means and. said drum-adjusting means, said mechanismincluding a shaft geared both to the spindle-rail-moving means, and tothe drum-adjusting means, a lever carrying said shaft and devices foreffecting a rotation of said shaft.

12. A spinning-machine having deliveryrolls, a twister-head,drawing-rolls, and interchangeable elliptical and plain gearing wherebysaid drawing-rolls may be rotated either at a uniform speed by the plaingearing or at an delivery-rolls, drawing-rolls, and mechanism includingelliptical gears for actuating said drawing-rolls, said parts beingarranged and related whereby said elliptical gears impart an acceleratedmovement to said drawingrolls when the delivery-rolls are letting offthe roving.

14. In combination, two separated rolls geared together to rotate in thesame direction, a loose roll supported by said rolls, and adapted'tocoact with one of them, and a rod in such relation to the rolls, thatsaid removable roll may be moved to inoperative position upon said rodand one of the first-said rolls.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

MALCOLM CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

C. C. STECHER, E. BATCHELDER.

